Religious fundamentalism, hindutva, and chistian gospel in the indian context, it may be said that fundamentalism is the attempt of a religion to go back to its fundamental tenets. When speaking of causes and movements considered fundamentalist, the conventional wisdom assumes that these are inherently opposed to modern, scientific, and secular values. We begin by proposing a definition and arguing for the value of. The attachment or belief is such strong that the believer takes a militant stand sometimes. I argue that fundamentalist movements are modern, and the conception that they are antimodern is a mischaracterization. However the term fundamentalist has also been applied to followers of other religions, including protestant christians. There is rising contemporary interest in fundamentalism and the behavior it engenders. Fundamentalism definition and meaning collins english. Religious fundamentalismnathaniel hawthorne perhaps best captured the paradox of religious fundamentalism in america in his stories about the puritans.
Communal and individual fundamentalism communal individualism is that usually. Religious fundamentalism and terrorism elijah onyango standslause odhiambo1 abstract the study of terrorism is multidisciplinary, which includes fields like religion. Pdf this study provides an analytical discussion for the issue of religious fundamentalism and itsrelevance to. These people had a set of welldefined fundamental values. Religious fundamentalism across the world, fundamentalisms have exploited the advantages of modern mass communication accept technology, science, the machinery of the modern state and even nuclear weaponry over the descent in to otherweaponry over the descent in to other.
Religious revivalism sometimes took the form of extreme literalism, often termed fundamentalism. Fundamentalism usually has a religious connotation that indicates unwavering attachment to a set of irreducible beliefs. The early 21st century has seen the rise of various fundamentalist groups, for example. Repelled by the puritans intolerance, hawthorne admired their realism and their unswerving devotion to principle. The assumption is that anything that threatens liberal, western culture and societyis by definition fundamentalist.
Religious fundamentalism defines people by what divides them. Moreover, conformity to a religious code has never been. However, those commonly called fundamentalists may well be hostile to. Christian fundamentalism in america oxford research. Religious fundamentalisms and their gendered impacts in asia 9 as the title of our volume suggests, it makes sense to speak of fundamentalisms in the plural rather than in the singular except for a discussion of the very concept of fundamentalism, which applies automatically to a number of religious and nonreligious phenomena. Characteristics of religious fundamentalism essay bartleby.
Concern about fundamentalism is widespread and this has led policymakers to turn to experts, looking for answers to what the movement is about. Fundamentalism centers on unswerving faith in the authority of fixed. Fundamentalists argued that 19thcentury modernist theologians had misinterpreted or rejected certain doctrines, especially biblical inerrancy, which they considered the fundamentals of the christian faith. This combines with core elements of religious fundamentalism to create a.
In these cases, fundamentalism is interchangeable with fascist. Thomas schirrmacher automobiles, homes, police stations. The increasing influence of the new religious right in the united states the rise of zionism in israel the rise of islamic fundamentalism in saudi arabia, iran, iraq and afghanistan. Religious fundamentalism is the movement based on belief of a community or individuals in absolute authority of the sacred texts of its own religion or faith. That is, they are not simply traditional, classic, conservative, or. These values were in opposition to more modern ideas. An inquiry into the origin and development of the movement introduction. Fundamentalism attempts to preserve core religious beliefs and requires obedience to moral codes. Pope francis continues his critique of religious fundamentalism. Considering the shift that occurred, religious fundamentalism then came to been seen as an aggressive politicization of religion for the pursuit of nonreligious ends, being only a superficial form of terrorism or extremism. A usually religious movement or point of view characterized by a return to fundamental principles, by rigid adherence to. Pdf religious fundamentalism and political extremism. Fundamentalism was used at first to describe some people in the protestant community in the united states in the early 20th century.
The key feature in these movements is their reactive character. However, fundamentalism has come to be applied to a tendency among certain groups mainly, although not exclusively, in religion that is characterized by a markedly strict literalism as it is applied to certain specific scriptures, dogmas, or ideologies, and a strong. For it is impossible to untangle fully the threads which combine into a rope consisting of globalization, religious fundamentalism, political extremism, resentment. Religious fundamentalism, religious conflict, religious extremism. Fundamentalism is the belief in the original form of a religion or theory, without.
Fundamentalism definition, a religious movement characterized by a strict belief in the literal interpretation of religious texts, especially within american protestantism and islam. In a global context, the issue of religious fundamentalism has emerged as a major area of media and political concern in recent decades, notably in relation to international islamist terrorism. Religious texts are seen as perfect as such they must be read literally be it the bible, the quran or the torah. Religious fundamentalism, hindutva and christian exclusivism. Once used exclusively to refer to american protestants who insisted on the inerrancy of the bible, the term was applied more broadly beginning in the late 20th century to a variety of religious movements. It is often partly motivated by a form of xenophobia against either strangers of another country or of another religion and a loss of. Although fundamentalist movements may vary within a country and even within a religion, this diversity is. Religious fundamentalism and outgroup hostility among muslims. The term religious fundamentalism has come to be applied to regional, national, and even global developments holding both religious and political dimensions. Secularisms premise is that social stability can be achieved without reliance on religion. One of main characteristics of fundamentalism is reference to a holy text that is considered. Religious fundamentalism refers to the belief of an individual or a group of individuals in the absolute authority of a sacred religious text or teachings of a particular religious leader, prophet,and or god. Fundamentalism definition of fundamentalism by merriam.
They believe that their own religion is beyond any fault and thus, should be forced on others. In that sense, fundamentalism is very much a modern movement, one that is against any form of imposition, including secular governance. Fundamentalism definition of fundamentalism by merriamwebster. The term is usually used to refer to extremism, fanaticism, and literal thinking in connection with a. In the views of womens rights activists, these movements have intensified over the last ten years, and have grown more visible, strategic and aggressive. Pdf religious fundamentalism and conflict researchgate. Fundamentalism, type of religious movement characterized by the advocacy of strict conformity to sacred texts.
Religious fundamentalisms are gaining strength within the worlds major and minor religions, and across all the worlds regions. Source for information on religious fundamentalism. Fundamentalism, type of conservative religious movement characterized by the advocacy of strict conformity to sacred texts. Fundamentalism definition of fundamentalism by the free. Oishimaya is an indian native, currently residing in kolkata. Hindu fundamentalism religious and political movement. The group also said it was important to stick to what faith and a more literal translation of the bible told them. The best introduction to fundamentalism, then, is the ongoing argument about how to define it. It is more closely related to faith than to communalism. Religious fundamentalism an overview sciencedirect topics.
Certainly the american variety shares much with militant antimodernism in other religious traditions. Twentiethcentury fundamentalism has acted as a drag on secularizing tendencies. Today, the difference between religions has gone to the level of terrorism and the peace is not only cracked into pieces but also ground to fine powder. Fundamentalism meaning of fundamentalism by lexico. Scott appleby, wuthnow describes the commonalities and distinctions among various religious fundamental movements in the world and corrects numerous myths and misunderstandings about fundamentalism with scholarly research.
On the other hand, when i use the term, i have arrived at my own definition, which is certainly unavoidable. Apr 25, 2017 religious fundamentalism refers to the belief of an individual or a group of individuals in the absolute authority of a sacred religious text or teachings of a particular religious leader, prophet,and or god. Questions about religious authority have dominated analyses of the forms of religious fundamentalism that became influential in various faith traditions in the closing decades of the twentieth century. Encyclopedia of the american constitution dictionary. Religious fundamentalisms and their gendered impacts in asia. Thomas schirrmacher automobiles, homes, police stations, and.
Religious fundamentalism synonyms, religious fundamentalism pronunciation, religious fundamentalism translation, english dictionary definition of religious fundamentalism. Religious fundamentalism first appeared in the 1880s in the usa at that time, liberal protestants attempted to adapt their views to the modern world, while conservative protestants opposed. Some cultures, including the united states, have a mix of both. Fundamentalism refers to ones unwavering belief in the infallibility of the religious philosophical scriptures in all matters of faith, religion and philosophy. These fundamentalists believe that their religion is beyond any form of criticism, and should therefore also be forced upon others. May 27, 2016 today, the difference between religions has gone to the level of terrorism and the peace is not only cracked into pieces but also ground to fine powder. This bill is important, because so many times we hear speeches in this house based on moral outrage and fundamentalism. The discussion focused on the history of religious fundamentalism, the tensions that have arisen between modernity and socalled traditional values, and the role that religious leaders can play in. Christian fundamentalism began in the late 19th and early 20th centuries among british and american protestants as a reaction to theological liberalism and cultural modernism. Fundamentalism and its origins the growth of fundamentalism represents a culture war a clash between the sacred and the secular. Pdf this article is intended to generate a discussion about religious fundamentalism. Fundamentalism and secularism are joined by their relationship to religious conviction. A usually religious movement or point of view characterized by a return to fundamental principles, by rigid adherence to those principles, and often.
The associations of irrational commitment, fanaticism, militancy, and terrorism make. It focuses on the differences in humankind, rather than what unites them. Fundamentalism centers on unswerving faith in the authority of fixed principles, usually enshrined in sacred texts, to dictate. The term fundamentalism entered the english language in 1922, and it is often capitalized when it is used to refer to the religious movement. Nov 22, 2018 the early 21st century has seen the rise of various fundamentalist groups, for example. Fundamentalism definition is a movement in 20th century protestantism emphasizing the literally interpreted bible as fundamental to christian life and teaching. Another participant asked whether people can be more than just mere observers of these phenomena and whether there are commonalities among the religions that can help build bridges. Other articles where hindu fundamentalism is discussed. Christian fundamentalists castigated fellow protestants as sellouts to modernity. Fundamentalism is a complex phenomenon and there is a large literature on it for example, eisenstadt, 1999, and marty and appleby, 19911995. It is not religious, god is lacking, it is idolatrous. Characteristics of religious fundamentalism donald taylor defines fundamentalism as involving a group of people who perceive a challenge an ultimate authority, usually god, in which they believe, they decide the challenge cannot be tolerated and reaffirm their belief in the authority and oppose the challengers, often using political means o further their cause. Islamic fundamentalism definition at, a free online dictionary with pronunciation, synonyms and translation.
Once used exclusively to refer to american protestants who insisted on the inerrancy of the bible, the term fundamentalism was applied more broadly beginning in the late 20th century to a wide variety of religious movements. Determinants of religious fundamentalism among muslim immigrants. Religious fundamentalism not concerned with any specific religion a style of political thought, rather than a collection of ideas and values some scholars argue that religious fundamentalism is merely a subfundamentalism is merely a subspecies species. The problem of defining the term terrorism is well known and has been examined extensively schmid, 2004. Fundamentalism meaning in the cambridge english dictionary. Religious fundamentalism is not a modern phenomenon, although, there has received a rise in the late twentieth century. Theres a profound rejection of modern society modern society is morally corrupt. This definition of religion by the sociology of religion can easily be transformed into a theological description. The ignorant fanatics of a religion are killing the innocent people of other religion. The features of fundamentalism according to anthony giddens, fundamentalists.
Pdf religious fundamentalism, hindutva and christian. A critique of the antimodern conception of fundamentalism introduction this thesis is a critique of the conception that fundamentalism is antimodern. Dec 03, 2015 religious fundamentalism must be combated. Islamic fundamentalism definition of islamic fundamentalism. It occurs differently in different parts of the world but arises in societies that are deeply troubled or going through a crisis heywood, 2012, p. Religious fundamentalism is a major cause to most of the conflicts across the globe, this has attracted a lot of interest in research about the origin, cause and ways of solving religious related conflicts.
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